{"id":4793,"date":"2025-04-30T09:29:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T07:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/?p=4793"},"modified":"2025-05-27T09:37:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T07:37:48","slug":"rizeni-o-navraceni-nezletileho-ditete-ve-vecech-mezinarodnich-unosu-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/rizeni-o-navraceni-nezletileho-ditete-ve-vecech-mezinarodnich-unosu-deti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve v\u011bcech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a zadr\u017een\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v zahrani\u010d\u00ed jedn\u00edm z rodi\u010d\u016f p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1va\u017enou a slo\u017eitou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed problematiku. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159ibli\u017euje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve v\u011bcech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed ve smyslu ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 478 a n\u00e1sl. z\u00e1kona \u010d. 292\/2013 Sb., o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soudn\u00edch, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a to i s ohledem na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy tohoto \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z \u00damluvy o ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00edch aspektech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Definice mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho \u00fanosu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rodi\u010dovsk\u00fd \u00fanos lze definovat jako p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo zadr\u017een\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v jin\u00e9m st\u00e1tu, ne\u017e je st\u00e1t obvykl\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte, a to bez souhlasu druh\u00e9ho rodi\u010de nebo povolen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 moci.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve smyslu sd\u011blen\u00ed \u010d. 34\/1998 Sb., Ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed o sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00damluvy o ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00edch aspektech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed (d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 jako \u201eHaagsk\u00e1 \u00famluva<\/strong>\u201c) p\u0159itom plat\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9ho p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo zadr\u017een\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte se pova\u017euje za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed, jestli\u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. bylo poru\u0161eno pr\u00e1vo p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b; a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo zadr\u017een\u00ed bylo toto pr\u00e1vo skute\u010dn\u011b vykon\u00e1v\u00e1no, nebo by bylo vykon\u00e1v\u00e1no, kdyby bylo nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u010di zadr\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Typicky se tedy bude jednat o situaci, kdy bylo nezletil\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed v\u011bcn\u011b a m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho soudu sv\u011b\u0159eno do p\u00e9\u010de jednoho z rodi\u010d\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e druh\u00fd rodi\u010d v rozporu s takov\u00fdmto rozhodnut\u00edm a bez souhlasu rodi\u010de, kter\u00e9mu bylo nezletil\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b sv\u011b\u0159eno do p\u00e9\u010de, p\u0159em\u00edst\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, nebo jej v zahrani\u010d\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b zadr\u017euje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u017d\u00e1dost o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00edlem rodi\u010de, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1vo p\u00e9\u010de bylo v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdm protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm poru\u0161eno, pak zcela nepochybn\u011b bude zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezodkladn\u00e9ho navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do st\u00e1tu jeho obvykl\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Uveden\u00e9 lze p\u0159itom mnohdy zajistit i mimosoudn\u00ed cestou, a to zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. \u017e\u00e1dosti o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong> adresovan\u00e9 kter\u00e9mukoliv \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edmu org\u00e1nu smluvn\u00edho st\u00e1tu vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu povinnosti vypl\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z Haagsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy (v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je t\u00edmto \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm org\u00e1nem \u00da\u0159ad pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed). Nep\u0159ipad\u00e1-li v\u0161ak dobrovoln\u00e9 navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte v \u00favahu, lze v\u011bc \u0159e\u0161it tak\u00e9 soudn\u00ed cestou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u00e1vratov\u00e9 soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u010cesk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d upravuje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve v\u011bcech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed v ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 478 a n\u00e1sl. z\u00e1kona \u010d. 292\/2013 Sb., o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soudn\u00edch, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f (d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 jako \u201eZ\u0158S<\/strong>\u201c), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v t\u00e9to souvislosti se rovn\u011b\u017e aplikuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed Haagsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u00e1vrh na zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho (tzv. n\u00e1vratov\u00e9ho) \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze podat nejpozd\u011bji do jednoho roku od protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo zadr\u017een\u00ed,<\/strong> a to u m\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho soudu st\u00e1tu, kde se d\u00edt\u011b fakticky nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed-li se unesen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, bude p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm soudem k projedn\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9 v\u011bci M\u011bstsk\u00fd soud v Brn\u011b<\/strong> jako\u017eto soud, v jeho\u017e obvodu m\u00e1 s\u00eddlo \u00da\u0159ad pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f n\u00e1vratov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je pak jeho rychlost, kdy podle Haagsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy je soud povinen jednat urychlen\u011b<\/strong> a zajistit bezodkladn\u00e9 navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. <\/strong>Ve smyslu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed Z\u0158S pak plat\u00ed, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u011bci se mus\u00ed konat do 3 t\u00fddn\u016f od pod\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu, <\/strong>a nejsou-li d\u00e1ny d\u016fvody zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho z\u0159etele hodn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd soud vyd\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9 zpravidla do 6 t\u00fddn\u016f od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odvolac\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je pak soud prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b povinen p\u0159edat v\u011bc odvolac\u00edmu soudu do 7 dn\u016f od pod\u00e1n\u00ed odvol\u00e1n\u00ed, <\/strong>p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e odvolac\u00ed soud je n\u00e1sledn\u011b povinen rozhodnout o odvol\u00e1n\u00ed do 30 dn\u016f od p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bci.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K urychlen\u00ed n\u00e1vratov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pak nepochybn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed Z\u0158S, kdy v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1vratov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad nelze podat odvol\u00e1n\u00ed proti usnesen\u00ed o jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed opatrovn\u00edka (\u00a7 482 odst. 2 Z\u0158S), \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obecn\u011b nelze p\u0159eru\u0161it (\u00a7 485 odst. 1 Z\u0158S), nelze prominout zme\u0161k\u00e1n\u00ed lh\u016fty (\u00a7 485 odst. 2 Z\u0158S) a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostaven\u00ed se odp\u016frce k na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bez v\u010dasn\u00e9 a d\u016fvodn\u00e9 omluvy, a pokud se odp\u016frce k n\u00e1vrhu navrhovatele ani p\u00edsemn\u011b nevyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed, stanovuje z\u00e1kon vyvratitelnou domn\u011bnku, \u017ee odp\u016frce nem\u00e1 proti n\u00e1vrhu na navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte n\u00e1mitek (\u00a7 488 Z\u0158S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S ohledem na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9, kdy bezodkladn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte je bezesporu v nejlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jmu d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd soud rozhoduje ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9<\/strong> zpravidla ji\u017e v r\u00e1mci prvn\u00edho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. V praxi lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee prvn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 v dan\u00e9 v\u011bci, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd soud bude zpravidla sna\u017eit rozhodnout ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9, bude \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e soud zejm\u00e9na provede ve\u0161ker\u00e9 relevantn\u00ed d\u016fkazy a sou\u010dasn\u011b vyslechne navrhovatele a odp\u016frce. Je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9, zjist\u00ed soud tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zor d\u00edt\u011bte (v\u017edy s ohledem na jeho v\u011bk a stupe\u0148 vysp\u011blosti) a stanovisko opatrovn\u00edka nezletil\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Za zm\u00ednku d\u00e1le nepochybn\u011b stoj\u00ed, \u017ee soud m\u016f\u017ee v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1vratov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dinit i bez n\u00e1vrhu vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, a to nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm soudn\u00edho dohledu nad pohybem d\u00edt\u011bte \u010di zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011bti opustit \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu bez souhlasu soudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodn\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Stran prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed rozhodn\u00fdch pro rozhodnut\u00ed soudu o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte je pak st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed, \u017ee soud zpravidla nezasahuje do \u00fapravy styku rodi\u010d\u016f s d\u00edt\u011btem, n\u00fdbr\u017e toliko zji\u0161\u0165uje, zda v dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b do\u0161lo k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo zadr\u017een\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, resp. zda existuj\u00ed jak\u00e9koliv d\u016fvody pro nenavr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte ve smyslu \u010dl. 13 Haagsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Obecn\u011b tedy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd soud zji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Obvykl\u00e9 bydli\u0161t\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Pr\u00e1vo p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Souhlas s\u00a0p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm\/zadr\u017een\u00edm;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. D\u016fvody pro nenavr\u00e1cen\u00ed;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Rozhodnut\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdkon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Rozhodnut\u00edm ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9 rozhoduje p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd soud toliko o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do m\u00edsta jeho obvykl\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b, tj. nerozhoduje o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do p\u00e9\u010de rodi\u010de, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1vo p\u00e9\u010de bylo v d\u016fsledku p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u010di zadr\u017een\u00ed poru\u0161eno. Sou\u010dasn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee rozsudek, j\u00edm\u017e bylo n\u00e1vrhu vyhov\u011bno, je p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b vykonateln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nedojde-li k dobrovoln\u00e9mu spln\u011bn\u00ed vykonateln\u00e9ho rozsudku, lze na\u0159\u00eddit jeho v\u00fdkon prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soudu, kter\u00fd rozhodoval ve v\u011bci sam\u00e9. Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdkon rozhodnut\u00ed by pak m\u011bl b\u00fdt co mo\u017en\u00e1 nej\u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k z\u00e1jm\u016fm d\u00edt\u011bte. Mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdkonu tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed pak pat\u0159\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed pokuty a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 50 000,- K\u010d nebo odn\u011bt\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V n\u00e1vaznosti na v\u0161e v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 lze uzav\u0159\u00edt, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed Z\u0158S a Haagsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy upravuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve v\u011bcech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed, poskytuj\u00ed prostor pro relativn\u011b rychl\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Praktick\u00e1 aplikace tohoto pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce v\u0161ak nepochybn\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i \u0159adu v\u00fdzev, a to jak s ohledem na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed aspekt t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, tak i s ohledem na eventu\u00e1ln\u00ed emo\u010dn\u00ed dopady na \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00edce informac\u00ed na: https:\/\/www.epravo.cz\/top\/clanky\/rizeni-o-navraceni-nezletileho-ditete-ve-vecech-mezinarodnich-unosu-deti-119464.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a zadr\u017een\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v zahrani\u010d\u00ed jedn\u00edm z rodi\u010d\u016f p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1va\u017enou a slo\u017eitou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed problematiku. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159ibli\u017euje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed nezletil\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve v\u011bcech mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00fanos\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed ve smyslu ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 478 a n\u00e1sl. z\u00e1kona \u010d. 292\/2013 Sb., o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soudn\u00edch, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a to i s ohledem na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4794,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4793\/revisions\/4794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dolezalpartners.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}